Periodontal scaling instruments are essential tools used by dental professionals to remove plaque, tartar, and calculus from teeth, particularly below the gum line. A set of 22 periodontal scaling instruments might include a variety of tools designed for specific tasks within periodontal scaling and root planing procedures. Here’s a general idea of what such a set might include: Scalers: These are used to remove supragingival calculus. They typically have pointed ends and are used above the gum line. Curettes: These are used for subgingival cleaning. They have a rounded end and are designed to clean below the gum line. Universal Curettes: Can be used on all surfaces of the teeth. Gracey Curettes: Designed for specific areas of the mouth, with different angles and curves to reach various parts of the teeth. Sickle Scalers: Have a sharp tip and are used for removing large deposits of calculus. Hoe Scalers: Used for the removal of tenacious calculus. Chisel Scalers: Used primarily for anterior teeth. Files: Used to crush or fracture heavy calculus deposits. Periodontal Probes: Used to measure pocket depths around a tooth in order to establish the state of health of the periodontium. Explorers: Used to detect calculus, caries, and other anomalies. Each instrument in the set is designed with specific features to address different areas and conditions in the mouth. If you need more detailed information about a specific instrument or its use, feel free to ask!